J.K. Rowling, born Joanne Rowling on July 31, 1965, in Yate, Gloucestershire, England, is a British author best known for her Harry Potter series, which has become a global phenomenon in literature, film, and cultural impact.
Rowling's early life was marked by her mother's illness, which profoundly influenced her writing, particularly in the themes of loss and sacrifice. She studied French and Classics at the University of Exeter and later worked at Amnesty International, where she developed her interest in human rights, which later reflected in her narratives.
Rowling began writing the Harry Potter series in 1990 while on a delayed train from Manchester to London. The idea for Harry came "fully formed" into her mind. After several years of writing and dealing with personal struggles, including the death of her mother, her marriage breakdown, and living on welfare, she completed the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which was published in 1997 by Bloomsbury Publishing after multiple rejections. The series' success led to her becoming one of the world's most influential authors:
Beyond Harry Potter, Rowling has written several other works:
Rowling married Neil Murray in 2001, and they have two children together. She also has a daughter from her first marriage. In recent years, Rowling has been at the center of controversy due to her views on transgender issues, leading to public debate and criticism from various quarters, including fans and organizations advocating for transgender rights.
Rowling is noted for her philanthropy. She has donated substantial sums to charity, including:
Rowling's impact on literature and popular culture is immense. She has been awarded numerous honors, including the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the Legion of Honour by France. Her work has encouraged millions to read and has influenced a generation's approach to literature and storytelling.